How Light Is Mixed (HTP/LTP)

In Live, a single fixture is influenced by many sources at once: a running scene, a chase, an effect, a raised submaster, a quick color, the crossfader… This raises a question: what will the audience actually see? To keep the result predictable, the program mixes the sources by two simple rules — one for brightness, and another for the remaining parameters.

📍 This isn’t a separate button but a principle behind all of Live. Understanding this logic answers 90% of the “why did the light behave differently than I expected” questions.

Brightness — the “brighter wins” rule (HTP)

For brightness (the dimmer) the HTP rule applies (Highest Takes Precedence — “the higher value wins”): if several sources ask a fixture for brightness at the same time, the brightest one wins.

That’s why submasters work as pile-on: they add brightness on top of a scene rather than subtracting it. Raise a group’s fader and it gets brighter (if its own level was lower). And Flash is an instant “boost to maximum.”

Color and movement — the “latest wins” rule (LTP)

For color, pan/tilt, gobo and strobe the LTP rule applies (Latest Takes Precedence — “the latest command wins”). Averaging two colors is meaningless (red + blue ≠ a muddy purple in any useful sense), so the winner is the command higher in the layer order — usually your most recent live edit.

Layer order (bottom to top)

Each next color/position layer overrides the previous one:

  1. Base — the Programmer (or a Blind mode snapshot)
  2. The smooth transition (fade)
  3. The active chase
  4. Effects (the last launched wins)
  5. Submasters — add brightness (pile-on, HTP)
  6. The scene fader’s color/position (see “sticky/release” in 07.16)
  7. The crossfader A/B
  8. Quick color (a filter on top)
  9. Solo / Mute — kills the brightness of the unwanted groups
  10. Speed, the Grand Master and Blackout — over everything
💡 Tip: it’s easy to remember — “brightness: whoever is brighter is seen; color: whoever is latest sets the color.” If a live color or fader has “stuck” and won’t go away — holding Reset clears all the overlays.
Fig. 07.26.1 — The light-mixing layer diagram
Fig. 07.26.1 — The light-mixing layer diagram